What is artificial intelligence? “Psychologists generally do not characterize human intelligence by just one trait but by the combination of many diverse abilities. Research in AI has focused chiefly on the following components of intelligence: learning, reasoning, problem solving, perception, and using language.
Artificial intelligence (AI) can be defined as the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience” as per Encyclopedia Britannica.
Facts and Figure: These figures are based on report titled Automation and Artificial Intelligence: How machines are affecting people and places. It analyses the long period and look at how automation impacted the workforce from the 1980s to 2016 and offers projections on how new automation and artificial intelligence (AI) tools will affect the economy by 2030.
Almost all jobs will be affected by AI but few segments are more vulnerable, for example office administration, production, transportation, and food preparation. In case of healthcare, it will not be among most affected (Medium to low exposure) area despite the increased use of artificial intelligence to replace some tasks.
As per the report “Over the next few decades, approximately 25% of U.S. employment (36 million jobs in 2016) will have experienced high exposure to automation (with greater than 70 % of current task content at risk of substitution). At the same time, the data suggest that another 36 % of U.S. employment (52 million jobs in 2016) will experience medium exposure to automation by 2030, while another 39 % (57 million jobs) will experience low exposure”.
Management analyst job carries the least potential of automation (4%). Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations have 33% task- automation potential. Whereas healthcare support-occupations have a 49 % potential for automation. Medical Assistant jobs and registered nurses have 54 and 29 % -automation potential respectively. “The manufacturing and transportation and storage sectors could see a reduction in employment levels” PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers) estimates.
Impact on healthcare: “As per the new report from world economic forum, overall, Machines and algorithms in the workplace are expected to create 133 million new roles, but cause 75 million jobs to be displaced by 2022. It means that the growth of artificial intelligence could create 58 million net new jobs in the next few years. By 2025, machine will share 52 % of total tasks.”
AI, robotics and smart automation technology could contribute up to $15 trillion to global GDP by 2030. About half of the core jobs will remain stable till the 2022. “While the overall net effect of AI on UK jobs may be broadly neutral, this varies significantly across industry sectors. The most positive effect of AI is seen in the health and social work sector, where that employment could increase by nearly 1 million, equivalent to around 20% of existing jobs in the sector: PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers) estimates.
“Accenture Research recently concluded a study of future workforce trends, including in health care, and the data point to significant growth for the industry, both in terms of jobs and revenues, as AI moves beyond rudimentary automation and enables greater collaboration between humans and machines. The data predict that, from 2018 to 2022, employment in health care will increase by 15% while revenues will surge by 49%.”
How Artificial intelligence improves the life of people through healthcare transformation: The Artificial intelligence increases the accuracy and precision of diagnosis. The Harvard-based team of pathologists recently developed an AI-based technique to identify breast cancer cells with greater precision. It has increased their accuracy from 96% to 99.5% and this improvement translates to 68,000 to 130,000 more women receiving accurate diagnoses.
AI based Chatbot can help mental health professional serve many more patient a day. Philips has developed an AI-based tool Illumeo for radiologist. It can record and reproduce user’s hanging protocol in consistent manner. It provide the contextual relevant information. It standardize workflow and ultimately supports reducing variability throughout the institution. A well known advancement of AI is robot assisted surgery i.e. overgrown retina membrane correction. AI can be used for target identification, in-silico drug design, Prediction of study risk and designing of statistical model. There are many areas to be touched by AI for the betterment of human life. Every change comes with an opportunity and one needs to upgrade himself by learning new skill to meet that golden opportunity.
https://www.brookings.edu/research/automation-and-artificial-intelligence-how-machines-affect-people-and-places/
https://revcycleintelligence.com/news/how-will-automation-ai-impact-healthcare-employment
https://www.forbes.com/sites/amitchowdhry/2018/09/18/artificial-intelligence-to-create-58-million-new-jobs-by-2022-says-report/#55a6052e4d4b
http://reports.weforum.org/future-of-jobs-2018/http://reports.weforum.org/future-of-jobs-2018/key-findings/
https://www.forbes.com/sites/amitchowdhry/2018/09/18/artificial-intelligence-to-create-58-million-new-jobs-by-2022-says-report/#55a6052e4d4b http://reports.weforum.org/future-of-jobs-2018/key-findings/ //www.brookings.edu/research/automation-and-artificial-intelligence-how-machines-affect-people-and-places/ https://www.networkerstechnology.com/ai-jobs-in-healthcare https://hbr.org/2018/03/ai-will-change-health-care-jobs-for-the-better
